#learn financial modeling and valuation

[nandini213]

Learn Financial Modeling & Valuation: Build Real-World Finance Skills

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✅ Build models in Excel step-by-step ✅ Master DCF, relative valuation & more ✅ Real-world case studies & expert guidance ✅ Online live sessions + lifetime access

Enroll now and become a valuation expert with The Stock Learning!

[thursdayisbetterthanfriday]

Cybernetics with Chinese Characteristics & why we suck at the real Grand Strategy Game

Part 2 - The Quickening

Back in 2023, I wrote this more blog-like post about the mid 20th century McCarthyite purges of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the knock on effects that had - Namely the inception of the Chinese nuclear program, one-child policy and Chinese computing scene.

Since nothing is new under the sun, we have recently witnessed yet another example of America shooting itself in the foot, yet again, due to it's McCarthyite style purge of Chinese technology.

The release of the Chinese created AI system DeepSeek R1 last week has lead to the largest US stock market loss in history with NVIDIA stock decimated.

A record $465 Billion was wiped off its valuation in a single day. In 2024, the government of Turkey spent this much in a year on it's responsibilities?

Why did this happen?

As always, a lot can be put down to US foreign policy, and the in-intended implications of seemingly positive actions.

Do you want to start a trade war?

Back in the relatively uncontroversial days of the first Trump Presidency (Yes it does feel odd saying that) there were scandals with hardware provided by Chinese company Huawei. This led to the  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 which explicitly banned Huawei and ZTE's hardware from use in US Government institutions. It also meant the US had to authorise US component manufacturer purchases by these companies.

Crucially this had a 27 month window. This allowed both companies to switch suppliers, and production to domestic suppliers. This actually led to Chinese chip advances. Following on from this came the 2022 move by the US Department of Commerce: "Commerce Implements New Export Controls on Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) ". This further limited the supply of semiconductor, supercomputer, and similar hardware to the PRC and associated countries.

Ok, well so far this is fairly dry stuff. You might think it would hamper Chinese development and, to some extent, it did.

It also proved to be the main catalyst for one financial quant.

Meet the Quant

Meet Liang Wenfeng (梁文锋). Educated to masters level, Liang was keen to apply machine learning methods to various field, but couldn't get a break. Finally, in the mid 2000's, he settled on a career investigating quantitative trading using machine learning techniques.

He became successful, founding several trading firms based around using machine learning methods, but his interest in base AI never seemed to cease. It was in 2021 that he started purchasing multiple NVIDIA GPUs to create a side project, leading to the creation of DeepSeek in 2023.

Now, due to import limitations, there were limitations on computation. This, however, did not stop DeepSeek's programming team.

Instead they used it as their strength.

Constrains Breed Innovation

For many years, the Western model of AI releases have focussed on making ever larger and larger models.

Why?

Let's break this down from an evolutionary point of view. Modern Western technology companies are largely monopolistic and monolithic. Many of these companies have previously hired staff at higher salaries not to fill roles, but to deny their competitors, and middle market firms, high-flying staff.

They also closely guard trade secrets. What's the training data? What algorithms were used in construction? Guess you'd better chat up some Silicon Valley bros at parties to find out.

For these kinds of firms, having control over large models, housed in data centres makes perfect sense. Controlling model deployment on their own computing systems, and not using local machines, means that they can not only control their systems more carefully, it also means that they can gatekeep access.

If your business model is to allow people to access your models on your servers, and your employees are focussed on making the biggest, best, models, there is no impetus to innovate more efficient, smaller models.

Companies such as OpenAI therefore have the following traits:

Research/Model focus on size over efficiency

Profit driven culture, with emphasis on closed source code

OpenAI's initial focus was as a non-for-profit developing Artificial General Intelligence. This became a for-profit driven company over time. - “I personally chose the price and thought we would make some money.” - Sam Altman

Staff working within paradigm they set in the early 2020's with established code libraries and direct contact with hardware companies creating chips

Significant capital investment - Upwards of several $ billions

DeepSeek, in comparison, is slightly different

For DeepSeek, necessity made innovation necessary. In order to create similar, or better models, than their counterparts, they needed to significantly optimise their code. This requires significantly more work to create, and write, libraries compared to OpenAI.

DeepSeek was started by financial quants, with backgrounds in mainly mathematics and AI. With a focus on mathematics and research, the main drive of many in the company has been exploration of the research space over concerns about profitability.

DeepSeek has also done what OpenAI stopped years ago: actually releasing the code and data for their models. Not only can these models therefore be run via their own gated servers, anyone can replicate their work and make their own system.

For DeepSeek, their traits were:

Research/Model focus on both efficiency and accuracy

Research driven culture, with open nature - “Basic science research rarely offers high returns on investment” - Liang Wenfeng

Strong mathematical background of staff, with ability to work around software, and hardware, constraints

Low capital investment of around $5.5 million

From an evolutionary point of view, DeepSeek's traits have outcompeted those of OpenAI.

More efficient models cost less to run. They also more portable to local machines.

The strong ability of DeepSeek's research focussed staff allowed them to innovate around hardware constraints

Opening up the code to everyone allows anyone (still with the right hardware) to make their own version.

To top it off, the cost to make, and run, DeepSeek R1 is a fraction of the cost of OpenAI's model

House of Cards

Now we can return to today. NVIDIA has lost significant market value. It's not just limited to NVIDIA, but to the entire US technology sector with the most AI adjacent companies losing from 10% to 30% of their valuation in a single day.

The culture, and business model, of OpenAI isn't just limited to OpenAI, but to the entire US technology ecosystem. The US model has been to create rentier-style financial instruments at sky-high valuations.

US tech stocks have been one of the only success stories for America over the past few decades, ever since the offshoring of many manufacturing industries. Like a lost long-unemployed Detroit auto-worker the US has been mainlining technology like Fentanyl, ignoring the anti-trust doctors advice, injecting pure deregulated substances into its veins.

The new AI boom? A new stronger hit, ready for Wall Street, and Private Equity to tie the tourniquet around its arm and pump it right into the arteries.

Like Prometheus, DeepSeek has delved deep and retrieved fire from the algorithmic gods, and shown it's creation to the world. The stock market is on fire, as the traders are coming off of their high, realising they still live in the ruin of barren, decrepit, warehouses and manufactories. The corporate heads, and company leaders reigning over the wreckage like feudal lords, collecting tithes from the serfs working their domain.

A Tale of Two Cities

The rise of DeepSeek isn't just a one-off story of derring-do in the AI world: It's a symbolic representation of the changing world order. DeepSeek is but one company among many who are outcompeting the US, and the world, in innovation.

Where once US free-markets led the world in manufacturing, technology and military capability, now the US is a country devoid of coherent state regulated free-market principles - its place as the singular world power decimated by destroying the very systems which made it great.

"Our merchants and master-manufacturers complain much of the bad effects of high wages in raising the price, and thereby lessening the sale of their goods both at home and abroad. They say nothing concerning the bad effects of high profits. They are silent with regard to the pernicious effects of their own gains. They complain only of those of other people." - Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

By selling the jobs of working class communities to overseas businesses, destroying unions and creating rentier based business models without significant anti-trust measures, US business and political elites have sealed the present fate of the country.

The CCP led, but strongly anti-trust enforcing, China has been able to innovate, ironically, using the free-market principles of Adam Smith to rise up and create some of the world's best innovations. The factories, opened by Western business leaders to avoid union/worker labour costs in their own countries, have led Shenzhen, and similar cities, to become hubs of technological innovation - compounding their ability to determine the future of technologies across the world.

Will America be able to regain its position on top? It's too early to say, but the innovative, talented, people who made America in the 20th century can certainly do it again.

As Franklin D. Roosevelt once said: “The liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerated the growth of private power to a point where it becomes stronger than the democratic state itself...

We know now that Government by organized money is just as dangerous as Government by organized mob.

Never before in all our history have these forces been so united against one candidate as they stand today. They are unanimous in their hate for me—and I welcome their hatred.”

Until then, here's a farewell to the American Century 在���之前, 再见美国世纪

[the-dragon-grasp]

What's up? - Spring 2025

Hi all, I'm back with a new seasonal recap!

As planned, this Spring, I've been able to focus my work on the VN Project (called Project 2 in the previous recaps, but I'll giving it a more transparent codename lol). I've also taken on a short job in April, taking some time off my plate, and might continue to do so in the following months to help me have some income and fund our work.

Let's get to it!

Development - VN Project

Most of my work this season was focused on "Project 2", which is, as shared on our social media, a visual novel (VN) project! I've worked on the full scenario, with a more detailed pass on the first chapters. I've started writing the first bits of the game itself, in both English and French to lay some groundwork.

I've reviewed the softwares we could use to develop it and chose to go with Ren'Py, an engine specialized in VNs but also friendly to people without a developer background. Indeed: I am taking on a developer role for this one! I've been learning the ropes of the engine, from basic functions such as dialogue, images, and audio implementation to adding a working translation or making a shareable build.

Since it will involve a lot of 2D art, I've started organizing about how to work with artists on this project. A lot will depend on the funding and time we'll have on our respective ends, but we are excited by this project building on plenty of what we've created so far. In the meantime, I'll be working with placeholder assets, some of which I'm making on my own.

Studio

We wrapped up our first fiscal year this Spring! It was a learning experience for me as well, with the review of our first annual accounts.

On the media side, we have completely left Twitter, since the worrying management of this social platform, their push of the use of GenAI despite the myriad of ethical, financial and environmental issues of this technology, and the hurtful politics defended by its most prominent figure were clearly not resonating with our own values and work. We are now focusing our efforts on our Bluesky and our Supporter Discord, with our Tumblr and Ko-fi still being updated as I see fit. (And when I have time for them!) You can check out all of our running socials on our Linktree. 

Please note I will remain vigilant about how social media evolve in their implementation of GenAI. I do not wish to have our creative blood and sweat stolen to train these models (or at least limit this as much as I can), so I will continue to make decisions on where and how we communicate online accordingly.

Funding

These last few days, I've been spending some time on checking the possibilities we have for the remainder of 2025, from public to private funding. So far, I've managed to self-fund our work, and I'm keen on seeing how far I can continue to do this. I have also been learning about asset valuation, since all the work I have put into the projects so far has been on my time, without compensation from the company.

Events

I will be at Game Camp 2025 (in Lille, France)! I had a wonderful experience there the past two years so I'm excited to return. If you ever wanna meet there, feel free to reach out.

Outro

That's all for this Spring! Thank you for your support everyone and have an excellent Summer.

Cheers,

-Drad

[mohameddosou]

DeepSeek AI: The Catalyst Behind the $1 Trillion Stock Market Shake-Up - An Investigative Guide

Explore the inner workings of DeepSeek AI, the Chinese startup that disrupted global markets, leading to an unprecedented $1 trillion downturn. This guide provides a comprehensive analysis of its technology, the ensuing financial turmoil, and the future implications for AI in finance.

In early 2025, the financial world witnessed an unprecedented event: a sudden and dramatic downturn that erased over $1 trillion from the U.S. stock market. At the heart of this upheaval was DeepSeek AI, a relatively unknown Chinese startup that, within days, became a household name. This guide delves into the origins of DeepSeek AI, the mechanics of its groundbreaking technology, and the cascading effects that led to one of the most significant financial disruptions in recent history.

Origins and Founding

DeepSeek AI was founded by Liang Wenfeng, a young entrepreneur from Hangzhou, China. Inspired by the success of hedge fund manager Jim Simons, Wenfeng sought to revolutionize the financial industry through artificial intelligence. His vision culminated in the creation of the R1 reasoning model, a system designed to optimize trading strategies using advanced AI techniques.

Technological Framework

The R1 model employs a process known as “distillation,” which allows it to learn from other AI models and operate efficiently on less advanced hardware. This approach challenges traditional cloud-computing models by enabling high-performance AI operations on devices like standard laptops. Such efficiency not only reduces costs but also makes advanced AI accessible to a broader range of users.

Strategic Moves

Prior to the release of the R1 model, there was speculation that Wenfeng strategically shorted Nvidia stock, anticipating the disruptive impact his technology would have on the market. Additionally, concerns arose regarding the potential use of proprietary techniques from OpenAI without permission, raising ethical and legal questions about the development of R1.

Advantages of AI-Driven Trading

Artificial intelligence has transformed trading by enabling rapid data analysis, pattern recognition, and predictive modeling. AI-driven trading systems can execute complex strategies at speeds unattainable by human traders, leading to increased efficiency and the potential for higher returns.

Case Studies

Before the emergence of DeepSeek AI, several firms successfully integrated AI into their trading operations. For instance, Renaissance Technologies, founded by Jim Simons, utilized quantitative models to achieve remarkable returns. Similarly, firms like Two Sigma and D.E. Shaw employed AI algorithms to analyze vast datasets, informing their trading decisions and yielding significant profits.

Industry Perspectives

Industry leaders have acknowledged the transformative potential of AI in finance. Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft, noted that advancements in AI efficiency could drive greater adoption across various sectors, including finance. Venture capitalist Marc Andreessen highlighted the importance of AI models that can operate on less advanced hardware, emphasizing their potential to democratize access to advanced technologies.

Timeline of Events

The release of DeepSeek’s R1 model marked a pivotal moment in the financial markets. Investors, recognizing the model’s potential to disrupt existing AI paradigms, reacted swiftly. Nvidia, a leading supplier of high-end chips for AI applications, experienced a significant decline in its stock value, dropping 17% and erasing $593 billion in valuation.

Impact Assessment

The shockwaves from DeepSeek’s announcement extended beyond Nvidia. The tech sector as a whole faced a massive sell-off, with over $1 trillion wiped off U.S. tech stocks. Companies heavily invested in AI and related technologies saw their valuations plummet as investors reassessed the competitive landscape.

Global Repercussions

The market turmoil was not confined to the United States. Global markets felt the impact as well. The sudden shift in the AI landscape prompted a reevaluation of tech valuations worldwide, leading to increased volatility and uncertainty in international financial markets.

Technical Vulnerabilities

While the R1 model’s efficiency was lauded, it also exposed vulnerabilities inherent in AI-driven trading. The reliance on “distillation” techniques raised concerns about the robustness of the model’s decision-making processes, especially under volatile market conditions. Additionally, the potential use of proprietary techniques without authorization highlighted the risks associated with rapid AI development.

Systemic Risks

The DeepSeek incident underscored the systemic risks of overreliance on AI in financial markets. The rapid integration of AI technologies, without adequate regulatory frameworks, can lead to unforeseen consequences, including market disruptions and ethical dilemmas. The event highlighted the need for comprehensive oversight and risk management strategies in the deployment of AI-driven trading systems.

Regulatory Scrutiny

In the wake of the market crash, regulatory bodies worldwide initiated investigations into the events leading up to the downturn. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) focused on potential market manipulation, particularly examining the rapid adoption of DeepSeek’s R1 model and its impact on stock valuations. Questions arose regarding the ethical implications of using “distillation” techniques, especially if proprietary models were utilized without explicit permission.

Corporate Responses

Major technology firms responded swiftly to the disruption. Nvidia, facing a significant decline in its stock value, emphasized its commitment to innovation and announced plans to develop more efficient chips to remain competitive. Companies like Microsoft and Amazon, recognizing the potential of DeepSeek’s technology, began exploring partnerships and integration opportunities, despite initial reservations about data security and geopolitical implications.

Public Perception and Media Coverage

The media played a crucial role in shaping public perception of DeepSeek and the ensuing market crash. While some outlets highlighted the technological advancements and potential benefits of democratizing AI, others focused on the risks associated with rapid technological adoption and the ethical concerns surrounding data security and intellectual property. The Guardian noted, “DeepSeek has ripped away AI’s veil of mystique. That’s the real reason the tech bros fear it.”

Redefining AI Development

DeepSeek’s emergence has prompted a reevaluation of AI development paradigms. The success of the R1 model demonstrated that high-performance AI could be achieved without reliance on top-tier hardware, challenging the prevailing notion that cutting-edge technology necessitates substantial financial and computational resources. This shift could lead to more inclusive and widespread AI adoption across various industries.

Geopolitical Considerations

The rise of a Chinese AI firm disrupting global markets has significant geopolitical implications. It underscores China’s growing influence in the technology sector and raises questions about the balance of power in AI innovation. Concerns about data security, intellectual property rights, and the potential for technology to be used as a tool for geopolitical leverage have come to the forefront, necessitating international dialogue and cooperation.

Ethical and Legal Frameworks

The DeepSeek incident highlights the urgent need for robust ethical and legal frameworks governing AI development and deployment. Issues such as the unauthorized use of proprietary models, data privacy, and the potential for market manipulation through AI-driven strategies must be addressed. Policymakers and industry leaders are called upon to establish guidelines that ensure responsible innovation while safeguarding public interest.

The story of DeepSeek AI serves as a pivotal case study in the complex interplay between technology, markets, and society. It illustrates both the transformative potential of innovation and the risks inherent in rapid technological advancement. As we move forward, it is imperative for stakeholders — including technologists, investors, regulators, and the public — to engage in informed dialogue and collaborative action. By doing so, we can harness the benefits of AI while mitigating its risks, ensuring a future where technology serves the greater good.

[shekhardiwakar]

Learn the importance of financial models in investment banking, aiding in decision-making, valuation, and risk assessment | Zell Education

[arikatoyou-blog]

100 days of productivity

Hi! I'm Oleia and this introductory post is my attempt to get my stuff together :D

about me:

22 yo

business valuation consultant at a big4 firm

currently depressed and burnt out

I love:

bujo

cats

mitski

stickers and washitapes

cold pink lip tints

espresso tonic

my ultimate dream:

being a filthy rich investment banker somewhere in France

fix my depression and be healthy

adopt 2-3 cats and live with my bf

my goals:

get promoted

pass CFA

get an internship & masters in France

be healthier

what I will be doing:

learning French on my own

studying CFA topics

gaining a skill of financial modeling by reading a book

getting more productive using Excel (learning shortcuts, passing courses on Excel)

With this post, I officially challenge myself to:

Study at least one grammatical topic in a week

Duolingo everyday

Study at least 10 pages of CFA book in a week

Solve 1 CFA mock exam in two weeks

Read at least 10 pages of a financial modeling book in a week

Watch at least 5 videos on Excel courses in a week

Compile a cheat sheet of Excel shortcuts and using it

As a follow up to this post I will manage to systemize my goals and create a learning schedule

My goals might shift to be bigger but for now I acknowledge my limitations (im depressed okay be easy on me) and my work hours (big 4)

[prajakomal]

Mistakes Most Indian Entrepreneurs Make: Avoiding Common Pitfalls on the Road to Success

India's startup ecosystem is one of the fastest-growing in the world. With government support, a growing digital infrastructure, and access to global markets, the country is producing thousands of new entrepreneurs every year. However, not every idea becomes a unicorn, and many ventures fail due to recurring missteps. Understanding the mistakes most Indian entrepreneurs make can help new founders build resilient, scalable businesses.

1. Focusing on Fundraising Over Fundamentals

One of the most common mistakes most Indian entrepreneurs make is prioritizing fundraising over building a sustainable business model. Many startups become obsessed with valuations, media coverage, and investor interest, forgetting that long-term success comes from solid operations, customer satisfaction, and cash flow management—not just capital.

2. Ignoring Market Validation

A lot of Indian startups launch products or services without proper market research. They often build what they think the customer wants, rather than validating the need through pilot programs or feedback loops. This leads to poor product-market fit and eventually, loss of interest from both users and investors.

3. Scaling Too Fast

Ambition is good, but premature scaling is dangerous. Expanding operations, hiring aggressively, and entering multiple markets too early can stretch resources thin. This is a classic pitfall observed in several failed Indian startups. It's vital to stabilize the core business before exploring aggressive growth.

4. Poor Financial Management

Another major mistake is the lack of attention to financial discipline. Many first-time entrepreneurs don't track unit economics, burn rate, or profit margins effectively. Without a clear grip on numbers, even a promising startup can run out of cash and collapse.

5. Not Building the Right Team

A startup’s success depends heavily on the founding and leadership team. One of the most damaging mistakes most Indian entrepreneurs make is hiring based on familiarity or convenience rather than skill and cultural fit. A weak team can hinder innovation, execution, and agility.

6. Overlooking Legal and Compliance Issues

In the rush to build and grow, many entrepreneurs ignore the importance of regulatory compliance, intellectual property rights, and proper documentation. These oversights can lead to legal complications, fines, or even shutdowns.

7. Lack of Mentorship and Networking

A strong support system is vital for new entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, many founders try to do everything on their own, without seeking mentorship or advice from experienced professionals. This limits their perspective and prevents them from learning from others' experiences.

Final Thoughts

Starting a business in India is exciting but fraught with challenges. The mistakes most Indian entrepreneurs make are not due to a lack of intelligence or intent, but often a lack of preparation, patience, and practical knowledge.

By learning from these common pitfalls, aspiring entrepreneurs can take more informed steps, avoid preventable failures, and increase their chances of long-term success in the dynamic Indian market.

[rmitali07]

 Equity Research and Valuation Course – Master Stock Analysis with Empirical Academy

Empirical Academy’s Equity Research and Valuation course equips you with the skills to analyze companies, assess their financial health, and determine fair stock valuations. Learn how to read balance sheets, income statements, cash flow reports, and apply valuation models like DCF, PE, and EV/EBITDA. Ideal for aspiring analysts, investors, and finance professionals, this course includes live classes, case studies, and lifetime mentorship. Build your ability to make data-driven investment decisions with confidence.

Enroll now: https://www.empiricalacademy.net/course-details/equity-research-valuation Become a pro in equity research and valuation today!

[techit-rp]

How Digital IPOs Are Disrupting Traditional Investment Banking in 2025

Gone are the days when taking a company public meant lengthy roadshows, big-bank underwriting fees, and elite institutional investors at the helm. In 2025, Digital IPOs are rewriting the rules of the game. Enabled by technology and democratized investment platforms, companies are now opting for direct listings, special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs), and app-based IPO subscriptions.

This revolution is reshaping the role of investment bankers—and for aspiring professionals, mastering the skills to thrive in this digital-first environment is crucial. That’s where a forward-thinking investment banking course in Kolkata can make all the difference.

💡 What is a Digital IPO?

A Digital IPO (Initial Public Offering) refers to a technology-enabled public offering process where companies raise funds through stock market listings, using digital platforms to handle everything from investor outreach to allocation and compliance.

Rather than relying solely on traditional underwriting by big investment banks, companies now:

Reach investors via digital apps (like Zerodha, Groww, and Upstox)

Use AI and analytics for demand forecasting

Streamline compliance and documentation digitally

Leverage social media for awareness, bypassing conventional roadshows

This shift empowers startups and emerging enterprises to access public markets faster, more transparently, and cost-effectively.

📉 Why Traditional Investment Banking is Being Challenged

1. Lower Fees with Direct Listings

Digital IPOs reduce reliance on underwriters, saving companies millions in fees. In a direct listing, a company goes public by selling shares directly to investors without issuing new ones.

Example: Spotify and Coinbase famously went public through direct listings, skipping the traditional investment banking route.

2. Retail Investor Dominance

Thanks to mobile trading platforms, retail investors now play a bigger role in IPO subscriptions—challenging the dominance of institutional investors in the IPO game.

3. Faster Market Access for Startups

Traditional IPOs can take months. Digital IPOs, often facilitated by SPACs or online-only listings, can bring a company to market in weeks.

4. Data-Driven Investor Targeting

Companies now use AI and real-time analytics to reach and understand their investor base, offering more customized marketing compared to old-school investment banking pitches.

📈 Trends Shaping Digital IPOs in India

India’s IPO landscape has rapidly evolved:

Zomato, Nykaa, and Mamaearth ran hybrid IPO models with major retail digital participation.

Platforms like Paytm Money, Groww, and Zerodha have simplified IPO bidding for the average investor.

The SEBI T+1 settlement and digital KYC norms have further smoothed out the retail IPO process.

As more Indian startups mature, we can expect an explosion of digital-first IPOs in the coming years—especially from tech, EV, and renewable sectors.

💼 Changing Role of Investment Bankers in the Digital IPO Era

While the traditional role of underwriter is evolving, investment bankers are far from obsolete. Instead, their responsibilities are shifting toward:

Digital compliance and risk assessment

Tech-enabled valuation and pricing models

Data-driven investor targeting

SPAC advisory and reverse merger planning

Cross-platform investor communications

In essence, investment bankers now need to be tech-savvy, data-literate, and agile.

🎓 Why You Should Choose an Investment Banking Course in Kolkata

Kolkata, a growing hub for fintech, finance, and education, offers a vibrant ecosystem for investment banking aspirants. An investment banking course in Kolkata that integrates real-world IPO training, digital tools, and case-based learning can help students:

Understand modern IPO mechanisms: direct listings, SPACs, digital subscriptions

Get hands-on with platforms like NSE/BSE IPO modules, financial modeling, and Excel automation

Learn to analyze investor sentiment via digital channels

Master compliance processes and AI-driven risk assessments

Such a course bridges the gap between traditional finance knowledge and the evolving demands of digital-first investment banking.

🔧 Key Skills for the Digital IPO Era

To succeed in the age of digital public offerings, professionals need to master:

IPO valuation & pricing strategies

Capital markets compliance and documentation

Investor roadshow design—virtual and social-media based

Advanced Excel and financial modeling

Digital marketing awareness for finance

SPAC structuring and execution

Regulatory updates from SEBI, FINRA, and global bodies

These are no longer “optional” skills—they’re mandatory for future-ready investment bankers.

🌍 Career Paths in the Digital IPO Boom

With the rise of Digital IPOs, several exciting roles are opening up in India and globally:

IPO Advisory Analyst

Equity Capital Markets Associate

Digital Capital Raising Consultant

SPAC Analyst

Investor Relations Executive

Compliance and Digital Listing Officer

Whether you want to work with startups, boutique IB firms, fintech platforms, or stock exchanges, having the right training through an investment banking course in Kolkata gives you a competitive edge.

✅ Final Thoughts

Digital IPOs are not a trend—they’re the future of capital markets. As this disruption gains momentum, the investment banking industry must evolve with it.

If you want to be part of this transformation, it’s time to rethink your learning strategy. A modern, application-based investment banking course in Kolkata will not only teach you traditional finance but also prepare you for a world driven by data, platforms, and digital investor ecosystems.

[masters-buddy]

What You’ll Learn in the UCL MiM Program

Thinking about a career pivot into the world of business and management? The UCL MiM (Master in Management) might just be your best move. Designed for graduates from all academic backgrounds, the program combines cutting-edge coursework, global exposure, and the vibrant city life of London. Whether you're driven by consulting, innovation, finance, or entrepreneurship, UCL MiM has something to offer.

In this blog, we’ll explore exactly what you’ll learn during the program, how the UCL MiM ranking stacks up globally, tips to craft a compelling UCL MiM essay, financial aid options like scholarship at UCL for MiM, and how it compares to others especially in the hot debate of UCL MiM vs Cranfield MiM.

Core Subjects in the UCL MiM: Finance, Strategy, Operations & More

The UCL MiM begins with a robust core curriculum that introduces students to the fundamental pillars of business. Courses such as Financial Management, Marketing and Strategy, Operations Management, Organisational Behaviour, and Decision & Risk Analysis create a solid academic foundation. Financial Management teaches students to interpret financial data, forecast budgets, and understand company valuation essential skills for any aspiring manager. Marketing and Strategy focus on how businesses position themselves in competitive markets and make long-term growth plans. Meanwhile, Operations Management delves into optimizing business processes and resource allocation, which is critical for running efficient organizations. Organisational Behaviour examines the human side of business, teaching how to lead diverse teams, manage conflict, and foster positive workplace culture. Finally, Decision & Risk Analysis prepares students to make smart, data-informed decisions even in high-pressure scenarios. This comprehensive learning experience equips graduates to think critically, act strategically, and lead confidently in complex business environments.

Electives in UCL MiM: From Digital Business to Sustainability

Once students have mastered the core subjects, the UCL MiM offers a suite of elective modules that allow them to tailor their academic journey to fit their career goals. For those fascinated by tech and innovation, electives like Innovation and Technology Management or Digital Business offer insights into how emerging technologies are disrupting traditional business models. If leadership and communication are your strong suits, courses focused on leadership development and organizational storytelling refine your ability to lead teams and influence stakeholders. Students passionate about making a difference can explore Sustainability and Business Ethics, gaining a better understanding of how corporations balance profit with responsibility. Entrepreneurs-in-the-making will find Entrepreneurship in Practice particularly useful, as it provides a hands-on approach to launching and managing startups. These electives transform the MiM experience into a personalized path, preparing students for specialized roles in sectors like consulting, marketing, fintech, or impact-driven ventures.

Crafting the UCL MiM Essay: How to Make a Memorable Application

Gaining admission to a prestigious program like the UCL MiM isn’t just about having good grades. Your UCL MiM essay is one of the most influential parts of your application. This essay is where you connect your academic and professional experiences to your goals, demonstrating how UCL’s program fits into your larger vision. A strong essay typically outlines your motivation for pursuing the MiM, the unique qualities you bring to the cohort, and how UCL specifically aligns with your aspirations. More than just a personal story, the essay should demonstrate research into the program, clarity of purpose, and authenticity. Admissions officers are looking for candidates who not only know why they want to study at UCL but also how they plan to contribute to its diverse and collaborative environment. Treat your essay like a conversation share your ambitions, reflect on your growth, and make it easy for the reader to see your potential as a future leader.

UCL MiM vs Cranfield MiM: Which One Should You Choose?

One of the most common comparisons made by applicants is between UCL MiM vs Cranfield MiM. Both programs offer unique advantages, but they cater to slightly different profiles and preferences. UCL MiM is best suited for students who want to immerse themselves in a highly international cohort, access global job markets, and study in a dynamic city like London. The program is ranked in the top 20 globally by QS and is known for its strong alumni network, excellent career services, and research-led faculty. On the other hand, Cranfield MiM is ideal for students seeking a more intimate campus experience and personalized attention. Located in Bedfordshire, Cranfield focuses heavily on leadership development and industry engagement through real-world projects. It also tends to attract students with a stronger engineering or technical background. While UCL MiM offers broader exposure and urban energy, Cranfield MiM offers deep industry connections and a structured leadership-focused curriculum. The choice ultimately depends on your learning style, career goals, and lifestyle preferences.

UCL MiM Ranking: Where It Stands Globally

When it comes to global prestige, the UCL MiM ranking consistently reflects its academic excellence and student outcomes. UCL’s MiM program is currently ranked among the top 20 in the QS Business Master’s Rankings. This ranking is based on several indicators, including employability, academic reputation, and diversity. The Financial Times also ranks the program highly for alumni salary growth, career progression, and international mobility. Beyond these numbers, UCL’s standing as part of the University of London and its location in one of the world’s leading business capitals give it an extra edge. These rankings signal more than just academic quality; they reflect the program’s ability to prepare students for successful, international careers in management.

Scholarships at UCL for MiM: Financial Support for Global Talent

Let’s face it, London isn’t cheap. But if cost is a concern, there’s good news: there are multiple options for a scholarship at UCL for MiM students. UCL offers a variety of scholarships to help students from all backgrounds finance their education. The UCL Global Masters Scholarship is one of the most popular, offering up to £15,000 for international students who demonstrate financial need and academic excellence. There's also the UCL Access Opportunity Scholarship, designed to support students from underrepresented communities. Additionally, UCL offers country-specific scholarships and collaborates with global partners like Chevening and Commonwealth to fund talented individuals. Applicants are encouraged to apply early, as many scholarships are awarded on a rolling basis or have early deadlines. A well-prepared application, strong essays, and demonstrated leadership can significantly improve your chances of receiving financial aid.

Conclusion: Why the UCL MiM is a Smart Investment in Your Future

The UCL MiM program offers much more than a prestigious degree; it offers a transformative experience. With a curriculum that covers everything from financial management to sustainability, a wide array of electives to personalize your learning, and a strong emphasis on global employability, UCL equips students for success in virtually any industry. The program’s high rankings and central London location provide unparalleled access to international companies and networking opportunities. When compared to other programs like Cranfield’s, UCL MiM stands out for its cosmopolitan environment, academic rigor, and long-term value. And with generous scholarships available, the opportunity is more accessible than many think. If you're looking for a program that not only teaches management but also prepares you to lead in a globalized world, then the UCL MiM is the right choice. It's not just a step forward in your career, it's a leap.

Want This Life? Let MastersBuddy Guide Your Journey

Thinking of applying to UCL? Whether you're struggling with your SOP, unsure about your profile fit, or need help navigating deadlines, MastersBuddy has your back.

 Personalized application strategy 1-on-1 mentoring from top B-school alumni Help with resume, essays, and interview prep Support for every round of your UCL.

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Financial Modeling & Valuation Made Easy — The Stock Learning

Learn the basics of financial modeling and valuation with The Stock Learning. This program helps you understand how to build simple financial models, forecast company growth, and find a company’s true value using methods like DCF and comparables. Designed for beginners and anyone curious about how businesses are valued, it explains complex ideas in a clear and practical way. Build confidence in working with numbers and making smart financial decisions.

Start learning today—visit The Stock Learning and explore financial modeling made simple!

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Become a Skilled Fundamental Analyst: Decode Financial Health with Precision

Step into the role of a Fundamental Analyst with a course that teaches you how to evaluate a company’s true worth through its financials, business model, and industry position. Ideal for aspiring analysts, investors, and finance students aiming to master valuation techniques and stock selection.

Key Highlights:

Analyze balance sheets, income statements, and cash flows

Learn valuation models: DCF, PE, PB ratios

Study economic indicators and industry trends

Real-world case studies and financial analysis tools

🔴 Start your journey to becoming a Fundamental Analyst—Enroll now! 🔴

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Financial Modelling and Valuation – Build Job‑Ready Skills for Finance Careers

Master the essentials of Financial Modelling and Valuation with our expert-led training. Learn to build dynamic Excel-based financial models, evaluate company performance, and apply DCF, comparable, and other valuation methods used by top analysts and investment firms. Perfect for students, working professionals, and aspiring finance careers.

📊 Enroll now and gain hands-on experience, industry-recognized certification, and expert guidance. 🎯 Start your journey to a rewarding finance career today – Sign up for Financial Modelling and Valuation and build the skills that employers value!

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Financial Modelling and Valuation – Build Expertise with Empirical Academy

Master the essentials of Financial Modelling and Valuation with Empirical Academy. Learn how to build robust Excel-based financial models, analyze statements, and apply methods like DCF, comparables, and ratio analysis. Perfect for aspiring analysts, investment bankers, and finance professionals seeking in-depth, job-ready knowledge.

📊 Enroll now at www.empiricalacademy.net and gain practical experience, expert guidance, and a recognized certification. 🎯 Take your finance career to the next level – Join Empirical Academy today and become a skilled financial analyst!

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Sanjay Saraf CFA Review: Top CFA Level 1 Coaching in India 2025

If you're preparing for a finance career and considering the CFA exam, expert guidance can truly make a difference. In this honest Sanjay Saraf CFA review, we’ll break down why his Level 1 coaching has earned a solid reputation among finance aspirants across India. With a focus on concept clarity, practical application, and real student feedback, this guide will help you decide if Sanjay Saraf CFA coaching is the right choice for your CFA journey.

🎓 Why Students Trust Sanjay Saraf CFA Coaching

To start with, what makes Sanjay Saraf CFA stand out from other coaching providers is his unique teaching approach. Instead of promoting rote learning, his CFA Level 1 coaching prioritises deep understanding. With over 20 years of teaching experience, Sanjay Saraf is known for explaining complicated topics like ethics, quantitative methods, and financial reporting in a simple and engaging manner.

Moreover, his coaching is far from one-dimensional. Students receive access to HD recorded videos, weekly live doubt-solving sessions, and full-length mock tests. According to more than one Sanjay Saraf CFA review, this format mirrors real exam conditions, boosting confidence and reducing last-minute stress.

�� Structure of the CFA Program

Before we go further, let’s briefly look at the CFA exam structure. The CFA program includes three levels:

Level I: Tools, reporting, ethics, and analysis

Level II: Advanced valuation and financial modelling

Level III: Portfolio and wealth management strategies

While each level is rigorous, many students find Level I the most overwhelming because of the broad syllabus. That’s where Sanjay Saraf’s classes shine. Every Sanjay Saraf CFA review we came across praised his ability to build a solid foundation, which is critical for moving to higher levels.

🧾 CFA Eligibility & Registration

Thinking about enrolling? You’ll need:

A bachelor’s degree (or be in your final year)

Four years of professional experience

A valid passport

Once you meet the criteria, registering on the CFA Institute website is simple. Many smart aspirants start their prep with Sanjay Saraf CFA coaching immediately after registering to get ahead.

🗓️ CFA Exam Dates and Scheduling

CFA exams are held multiple times a year in India. Here are the key windows:

Level I: February, May, August, November

Level II: May, August, November

Level III: February, August

Proper planning is everything. One top Sanjay Saraf CFA review mentioned that starting at least six months in advance with his coaching helped them complete the syllabus a full month early — a huge advantage for revision and mocks.

💼 Career Prospects After CFA

Becoming a CFA charterholder can open doors in:

Investment Banking

Equity Research

Portfolio Management

Risk & Wealth Advisory

However, as every Sanjay Saraf CFA review points out, theoretical knowledge isn’t enough. His classes include live case studies and current market applications, bridging the gap between academic learning and real-world practice.

🗣️ Honest Sanjay Saraf CFA Review by Students

Let’s talk real feedback. Across every platform we reviewed, students repeatedly emphasised his clarity of teaching. One student noted, “Ethics and quant felt like a nightmare before I joined Sanjay Saraf’s CFA Level 1 coaching — now I’m confident.”

Another Sanjay Saraf CFA review stated, “Mock tests were so close to the actual CFA exam that I wasn’t surprised on test day. His focus on application really helps.”

This feedback is consistent, suggesting that Sanjay Saraf CFA not only covers the syllabus but also improves exam readiness and mental preparation.

✅ CFA Exam Success Tips

Here’s a quick checklist to increase your chances of clearing Level I:

Start your prep at least 6 months in advance

Target 12–14 hours of weekly study

Solve previous year papers and topic-wise tests

Complete the syllabus 30 days before the exam

Enrol in Sanjay Saraf CFA coaching for structured learning

Every successful candidate will tell you that strategy matters as much as hard work — and expert coaching, as highlighted in every major Sanjay Saraf CFA review, gives you that edge.

If you’re serious about passing CFA Level 1 in your first attempt, Sanjay Saraf CFA offers the guidance, tools, and teaching experience you need. With positive student outcomes, practical lessons, and a proven structure, it’s no wonder every Sanjay Saraf CFA review echoes the same sentiment: this program works.

Don’t just study harder — study smarter. And Sanjay Saraf CFA coaching might just be your smartest move yet.

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Smarter Alternatives for Land, Projects, and Business Funding

In the modern economy, traditional models of funding and investment are being reshaped by digital innovation and changing business needs. From startups to real estate developers, the demand for more accessible, transparent, and cost-effective capital solutions is growing. Today, entrepreneurs and investors are no longer limited to high-cost intermediaries or slow-moving banks.

This is where Funding Walk steps in — a powerful platform that redefines how you raise, invest, and transact. Whether you’re seeking an efficient land and project selling platform, exploring investment banking alternatives, or staying informed through a funding announcements platform, Funding Walk delivers it all under one seamless digital experience.

The Rise of Land and Project Selling Platforms

Real estate and infrastructure are among the largest asset classes in India, yet they remain deeply under-digitized. Selling large plots of land or packaged development projects traditionally requires long negotiations, multiple middlemen, and high brokerage fees.

Funding Walk’s land and project selling platform simplifies the process by:

Enabling direct listings from landowners, developers, and agencies

Attracting genuine, qualified buyers and investors

Offering transparency through verified documents and listings

Reducing dependency on offline agents

Whether you're a business selling industrial land, a developer seeking buyers for a township project, or an investor looking for verified opportunities, Funding Walk creates a streamlined and trustworthy marketplace.

With real estate digitization on the rise, platforms like Funding Walk are pioneering smarter ways to transact land and project deals in India.

Investment Banking Alternatives – Accessible, Transparent, Digital

Investment banking services such as fundraising, M&A advisory, and deal structuring have long been dominated by big firms with high fees and selective access. Unfortunately, small to mid-sized businesses often get overlooked in this system.

That’s why entrepreneurs are now actively seeking investment banking alternatives—solutions that are digital, affordable, and scalable.

Funding Walk offers alternatives to traditional investment banking through:

Startup and SME fundraising support

Business sale and acquisition listings

Strategic investor matching

Financial documentation and pitch creation

M&A advisory tailored for small businesses

Unlike investment banks that may only work with a few high-value clients, Funding Walk democratizes access to funding and strategic deals, opening the door to more businesses and investors.

You get the insights and support of an investment bank—without the gatekeeping, red tape, or excessive commission structures.

A Dynamic Funding Announcements Platform

In a fast-moving ecosystem, staying informed is essential. Founders, investors, and stakeholders need to track who’s raising funds, who’s investing, and what sectors are heating up. This is where Funding Walk’s funding announcements platform becomes a vital resource.

With it, users can:

Stay updated on startup funding rounds

Follow merger and acquisition activity

Discover emerging trends in private equity and venture capital

Learn from market benchmarks and competitor moves

This platform serves as a one-stop hub for real-time capital market insights—helping users make strategic decisions based on verified, current data.

For founders, it’s a way to benchmark valuation and investor appetite. For investors, it’s a way to spot new opportunities. For professionals and advisors, it’s a research tool that adds real-time market context.

Why Founders and Investors Trust Funding Walk

Funding Walk is more than just a tech platform—it’s a strategic growth partner for businesses, developers, and investors alike. Here’s what sets it apart:

Integrated Solutions

Unlike platforms that focus on one niche (like startups or real estate), Funding Walk unifies multiple capital access paths—fundraising, acquisitions, land sales, and more.

Direct, No-Commission Approach

Funding Walk empowers users to transact directly, eliminating unnecessary middlemen. Whether it’s raising capital or selling a project, users retain control and transparency.

Smart Matching

With advanced filters and profile targeting, investors and sellers are matched intelligently based on sector, valuation, location, and deal interest.

Verified Opportunities

All listings and funding opportunities go through a quality and documentation check—ensuring trust and credibility.

Self-Service + Expert Help

The platform enables founders to manage their own campaigns while also offering consulting for those who need guidance on valuations, deal terms, or strategic positioning.

The Future of Capital Access is Digital

India is witnessing a powerful shift in how capital flows—from real estate to startups. Traditional intermediaries are giving way to technology-first platforms that are faster, more flexible, and more inclusive.

Whether you’re:

A startup seeking early-stage funding,

A developer listing your land parcel,

A small business looking to acquire another company,

Or an investor scouting new sectors—

Funding Walk is built to serve your goals.

By providing a robust land and project selling platform, smarter investment banking alternatives, and a real-time funding announcements platform, it’s paving the way for transparent, inclusive, and scalable capital access.

Final Thoughts

Raising capital or selling a high-value asset doesn’t have to be slow or complex. With the right platform, founders, developers, and investors can transact faster, smarter, and with greater confidence.